The history of interior design is complex and spans across various cultures and time periods. Interior design as a distinct and recognized profession has evolved over centuries, with contributions from different societies and individuals. It’s challenging to attribute the start of interior design to a single person or point in time. However, here are some key milestones and influential figures in the history of interior design:

Ancient Civilizations:
- The concept of decorating and arranging interior spaces can be traced back to ancient civilizations such as Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Greece. These societies had skilled artisans and craftsmen who adorned homes and public spaces with art and decorative elements.
Ancient Rome:
- Ancient Romans were known for their architectural and interior innovations. They developed the concept of the atrium, used various materials for flooring and wall coverings, and incorporated elements like frescoes and mosaics in their interiors.
The Renaissance (14th to 17th centuries):
- The Renaissance period saw a revival of interest in art, culture, and aesthetics. Architects and artists like Leon Battista Alberti and Andrea Palladio played significant roles in shaping interior spaces with attention to proportion, harmony, and classical influences.
18th and 19th Centuries:
- With the rise of the middle class and increased focus on comfort and aesthetics, interior design gained prominence. Furniture designers like Thomas Chippendale and interior decorators like Elsie de Wolfe contributed to the development of distinct design styles.
The Arts and Crafts Movement (late 19th to early 20th centuries):
- Led by figures such as William Morris, the Arts and Crafts Movement emphasized craftsmanship, simplicity, and the use of natural materials. It influenced interior design by promoting handmade, quality items.
Early 20th Century:
- Interior design as a profession began to take shape in the early 20th century. Elsie de Wolfe, often considered the first professional interior decorator, played a key role in popularizing the idea of hiring professionals to design and arrange interiors.
Bauhaus Movement (early to mid-20th century):
- The Bauhaus school in Germany, led by figures like Walter Gropius, emphasized the integration of art, craft, and technology. It influenced modernist design principles and had an impact on interior design.
Mid-20th Century:
- Interior design continued to evolve with contributions from designers like Frank Lloyd Wright, who integrated architecture and interior design, and mid-century modern designers like Charles and Ray Eames.
Contemporary Era:
- Today, interior design is a diverse and dynamic field influenced by various design movements, technological advancements, and cultural shifts. Professional organizations and educational institutions play a crucial role in shaping the industry.

While individual designers and movements have left their marks on the history of interior design, it’s important to recognize that the practice has been shaped by a collective evolution over time. The modern interior design profession is the result of contributions from many individuals and movements across different cultures and historical periods.